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The German Jewish Children's Aid (GJCA) (this is its complete name)〔(Guide to the Records of the German-Jewish Children's Aid ), YIVO Institute for Jewish Research, New York.〕 was an organization, based in America, which acted as the receiving organization for unaccompanied (and some orphaned) Jewish children emigrating primarily from Germany to the United States. It was in charge of posting bonds for the refugee children, (thereby preventing their becoming public charges), obtaining visas, arranging their transfer to the USA and caring for them after arrival.〔Philip K. Jason; Iris Posner. ''(Don't Wave Goodbye: The Children's Flight from Nazi Persecution to American Freedom )''. Greenwood Publishing Group; 2004. ISBN 978-0-275-98229-4. p. 3.〕 Since 1934, the organization had helped hundreds of distressed refugee children resettle in USA.〔Richard Breitman and Allan Lichtman. ''(FDR and the Jews )''. Harvard University Press; 19 March 2013. ISBN 978-0-674-07367-8. p. 121.〕 After November 1942, it was renamed "European Jewish Children's Aid." ==History== The purpose of the German Jewish Children's Aid (GJCA) was to act as the receiving organization for unaccompanied or orphaned Jewish children emigrating primarily from Germany to the United States. It worked to provide visas and other necessary transit papers and acted as financial sponsor for the children (to avoid their "becoming a public charge") so that they could obtain those visas. It also obtained "foster home" placement or other housing for those children. The German Jewish Children's Aid Society was formed in New York in 1934 by a coalition consisting of the New York Foundation, the Baron de Hirsch Fund, B'nai B'rith, the Hofmeimer Foundation. the American Jewish Committee and the Women's Committee of the American Jewish Congress. These organizations contributed the funds for the GJCA. All the children came unaccompanied; the parents were forced to stay behind in Germany or Austria or were dead. . Most of these parents were murdered by the Nazis. By very definition, any such child was one of the One Thousand Children. In 1938, when difficulties were encountered in raising funds for the GJCA work, the National Council of Jewish Women assumed financial responsibility for the German-Jewish Children's Aid and its administration was taken over by the National Refugee Service. Both of these functions were, in turn, taken over completely by the National Refugee Service in 1941. In November 1942, to accommodate federal government refugee legislation and coordinate with the United States Committee for the Care of European Children, the German-Jewish Children's Aid changed its name to the European-Jewish Children's Aid. The GJCA was based in the United States, but importantly it also had many personnel in Europe, primarily in Germany. After the March 1938 Anschluss German take-over of Austria to form the Greater German Reich, there were also many personnel in Austria. The GJCA worked together with other organizations such as the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS) . Later it became part of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (the "Joint"). The German Jewish Children's Aid, beginning in 1934, placed children primarily in private homes.〔Merle Curti. ''(American Philanthropy Abroad )''. Transaction Publishers; 1 January 1988. ISBN 978-1-4128-1701-1. p. 386.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「German Jewish Children's Aid」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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